Countries worldwide are placing significant emphasis on the development of molecular diagnostic technologies, with gene chips poised to become the mainstream for the next generation of molecular diagnostics. Gene chips converge multiple disciplines including molecular biology, microelectronics, and computer science, integrating various advanced technologies. Experts acclaim them as the "ultimate product" in the diagnostic industry. Gene chips offer the capability to simultaneously detect multiple target points swiftly and effectively. Therefore, gene chips are becoming the primary focus for the development of next-generation molecular diagnostics. However, the technology faces challenges such as high development costs, technical complexity, and the limit of product variety, and is primarily used for research and drug screening purposes.
The widespread clinical application of gene chips still faces technical hurdles, notably issues with diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, high costs, and expensive proper instruments. Globally, although only a few chips are suitable for clinical diagnosis, Chinese domestic gene chip technology has achieved a leading position. Gene chip technology poses a significant potential challenge to fluorescence quantitative PCR detection technology, primarily due to its ability to simultaneously test a large number of target genes, unlike fluorescence quantitative PCR which can only detect one or a few target genes at a time. With advancements in the Human Genome Project, gene chip technology has become a hotbed of research and development worldwide.
If gene chip technology develops rapidly and is applied for industrial produce, it could significantly impact the fluorescence quantitative PCR detection industry. However, the widespread clinical application of gene chips still faces technical challenges that need to be overcome, including issues with diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, high costs, and expensive accompanying instrumentation. It is anticipated that fluorescence quantitative PCR detection technology will maintain its leadership position over the next 5 to 10 years.
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